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Miguel Fernando Cassola de Miranda Relvas (born September 5, 1961) is a Portuguese politician best known for having obtained at age 47 a university degree without taking any classes or exams, which led him to resign in disgrace from the minister position he held in Portugal's XIX Constitutional Government (2011–13). Miguel Relvas rose through the ranks of Portugal's Social Democratic Party (PSD) and of the Portuguese Government to become in 1985: Member of Parliament, in 2002: Secretary of State for Local Government, and in 2011: Minister of Parliamentary Affairs. Between 2005-11, he also pursued business activities. ==Political career== Miguel Relvas political life started in the Tomar branch of Juventude Social Democrata the youth wing of the PSD.〔 (Como o Miguel se tornou Relvas ) Visão magazine, (July 30, 2012)〕 He was a member of the far right conspiracy headed by Manuel Cavaleiro de Ferreira. At 24 years of age he was included in a non-electable slot in PSD's Santarém district list to the 1985 legislative elections, but, when PSD did better than expected and one the candidates ahead of him (Luís Miral Amaral) became government minister, Miguel Relvas squeaked into the Portuguese Parliament where he remained until 2009. He quickly rose in the party ranks becoming secretary-general of JSD in 1987-89, Secretary of State for Local Government in 2002-04, secretary-general of the PSD in 2004-05, and again reappointed in 2010. As member of parliament he became better-known for his keen participation in allowance-pocketing schemes (see below) and for spending long periods (as much as 6 years) without intervening (his rare interventions were on local government issues).〔 Nevertheless, Miguel Relvas represented PSD in several parliamentary commissions〔() Official Biography, Assembleia da República (accessdate - February 13, 2013)〕 and built a reputation as a major party operational and campaign manager. In 2010, he was decisive in rallying up the votes to elect as PSD president Pedro Passos Coelho〔 (PSD: Apoiantes de Passos Coelho falam em vitória por margem larga ) Expresso, (March 26, 2010)〕 setting the stage to become Joint-Minister("Ministro-Adjunto" in Portuguese or "Minister Assistant" in the official government translation) and Minister of Parliamentary Affairs after Passos Coelho won the 2011 legislative elections.〔 () Minister Assistant and of Parliamentary Affairs, Governo de Portugal (accessdate - August 5, 2012)〕 Despite being outranked in the cabinet by two Ministers of State,〔 (Who is who in the new cabinet ) Portugal Daily View web magazine (June 17, 2011)〕 Miguel Relvas was widely acknowledged to be the right-hand man of Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho and was considered the ''de facto'' deputy prime-Minister〔 (Miguel Relvas, "braço-direito" de Passos Coelho ) Jornal de Notícias (June 17, 2011)〕 until mid-2012 when he became the subject of public ridicule after the circumstances of his university degree attribution were revealed that led to his resignation on April 3, 2013 (see below). As Joint-Minister in the Passos Coelho government, Miguel Relvas was personally in charge of the key and highly sensitive political reforms of the civil service hierarchies and local political redistricting and representation,〔 () Miguel Relvas admite redução de vereadores e limite de dirigentes superiores, Jornal de Notícias, (August 31, 2011)〕 of the privatization of one of Portugal's two public TV (RTP) channels.〔 () Passos garante que Relvas fará privatização da RTP, Sapo.pt web news aervice, (May 31, 2012)〕 and, as became apparent in December 2012, of the national airline TAP〔 () PS quer esclarecimentos sobre o papel de Miguel Relvas na privatização da TAP, Expresso, (December 18, 2012)〕 These reforms were envisaged in Portugal's ECB/EU/IMF-financed economic adjustment program for 2011-13. However, the Relvas-managed reforms fell well short of expectations since neither RTP nor TAP were privatized during 2012 as envisaged in the program and the local administration reform was only done at micro-level ('freguesias') leaving the much more costly municipal administrations untouched.〔 () Rádio Renascença web news aervice, (December 12, 2012)〕 Since 1998, Miguel Relvas has been President of the Municipal Assembly of Tomar—his town of political origin and a longtime PSD stronghold. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Miguel Relvas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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